In 1946, the Republic’s Congress created the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (IGSS), which established several social protection benefits, including accident and illness at work, maternity coverage and health care. However, only employees with a fixed contract appearing on a company’s payroll could be members of the IGSS. Therefore, the self-employed, workers in the informal economy and the unemployed do not benefit from social security and are unprotected from the main health and death risks.